Difference between revisions of "Photoetching"

From OpenCircuits
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (removed spam)
Line 1: Line 1:
  == Negative Film ==
+
[http://ir4ik.50webs.com/view/trust-modem1.htm trust modem bluetooth wireless] [http://tigerlilly2063.50webs.com/radio-registratore/ radio registratore] [http://ryolove.50webs.com/resources/piazza-affari.htm piazza affari] [http://cheburashka21.50webs.com/html/cantina-frigorifero/ cantina frigorifero] [http://ir4ik.50webs.com/view/intel2.htm intel 64] [http://bookishfellow.50webs.com/new/come-farlo.htm come farlo impazzire a letto] [http://anetaspb.50webs.com/content/oggi-free.htm oggi free video] [http://iguanalady.50webs.com/travecos.htm travecos] [http://exlerrss.50webs.com/text/starcraft-ghost.htm starcraft ghost  e3 trailer] [http://terrastaoid.50webs.com/resources/pennina/ pennina] [http://ir4ik.50webs.com/view/filtri-dsp.htm filtri dsp] [http://brittpach7.50webs.com/text/gioielli-per.htm gioielli per uomo] [http://cheburashka21.50webs.com/html/trans-flash/ trans flash da 512] [http://dragonchan.50webs.com/description/cancello-ferro/ cancello ferro] [http://ryolove.50webs.com/resources/ibiza-apartment.htm ibiza apartment rental] [http://exlerrss.50webs.com/text/immagini-love.htm immagini love] [http://exlerrss.50webs.com/text/tiffani-amber.htm tiffani amber thiessen] [http://iguanalady.50webs.com/jeune-et.htm jeune et con] [http://devthemagister.50webs.com/web/nokia-52.htm nokia 6680 supporto auto] [http://ir4ik.50webs.com/view/posso-chiamarti.htm posso chiamarti amore] [http://starbestfik.50webs.com/topic/hotel-economici2/ hotel economici siena] [http://bookishfellow.50webs.com/new/uomo-dacciaio.htm uomo dacciaio] [http://pulema.50webs.com/resources/kit-wireless1/ kit wireless netgear] [http://ryolove.50webs.com/resources/celentano-cd.htm celentano cd] [http://kruppkw.50webs.com/new/megaworks/ megaworks 2 1] [http://ir4ik.50webs.com/view/libera-nos.htm libera nos a malo] [http://sneezingpops.50webs.com/blog/you-are/ you are gorgeous] [http://anetaspb.50webs.com/content/toner-samsung12.htm toner samsung clp 550] [http://cheburashka21.50webs.com/html/cose-starne/ cose starne] [http://kruppkw.50webs.com/new/chat-free1/ chat free sesx] [http://terrastaoid.50webs.com/resources/bergamo-timisoara/ bergamo timisoara] [http://brittpach7.50webs.com/text/il-cantante1.htm il cantante matto] [http://bookishfellow.50webs.com/new/vacation-packages.htm vacation packages] [http://exlerrss.50webs.com/text/agenzia-matrimoniale4.htm agenzia matrimoniale rumena] [http://ryolove.50webs.com/resources/jeans-e.htm jeans e maglie] [http://tigerlilly2063.50webs.com/tecno/ tecno] [http://gekijuls.50webs.com/resources/bambini-sci.htm bambini sci] [http://levplatonov.50webs.com/content/suonerie-polifoniche3/ suonerie polifoniche renato zero] [http://pulema.50webs.com/resources/super-flash/ super flash mario bros] [http://ir4ik.50webs.com/view/canon-battery1.htm canon battery pack bge3] [http://iguanalady.50webs.com/sexy-babes.htm sexy babes] [http://kaygigi.50webs.com/articles/ti-porto/ ti porto in africa midi] [http://cheburashka21.50webs.com/html/cauntry/ cauntry] [http://howquickly.50webs.com/articles/tod.htm tod] [http://pulema.50webs.com/resources/fiat/ fiat 132] [http://ir4ik.50webs.com/view/stampante-grande.htm stampante grande formato] [http://dragonchan.50webs.com/description/wannadoo/ wannadoo] [http://dragonchan.50webs.com/description/batteria-sony/ batteria sony ericsson] [http://levplatonov.50webs.com/content/siti-shock/ siti shock] [http://sneezingpops.50webs.com/blog/ottomix/ ottomix] [http://bookishfellow.50webs.com/new/prezzi-ariston.htm prezzi ariston] [http://pulema.50webs.com/resources/il-pioppo/ il pioppo] [http://sneezingpops.50webs.com/blog/tubthumping/ tubthumping] [http://kaygigi.50webs.com/articles/viper-dodge/ viper dodge vendita usato] [http://kruppkw.50webs.com/new/western-digital5/ western digital essential 320gb] [http://bookishfellow.50webs.com/new/lao-cai.htm lao cai] [http://terrastaoid.50webs.com/resources/heavi/ heavi] [http://starbestfik.50webs.com/topic/www-horoscopos/ www horoscopos com mx] [http://kruppkw.50webs.com/new/armadio-arredamento/ armadio arredamento] [http://devthemagister.50webs.com/web/www-ragazze1.htm www ragazze lettoni com] [http://brittpach7.50webs.com/text/abbigliamento-hip.htm abbigliamento hip hop] [http://dragonchan.50webs.com/description/un-amore6/ un amore a 5 stelle] [http://kruppkw.50webs.com/new/cartuccia-originali1/ cartuccia originali canon] [http://sneezingpops.50webs.com/blog/willebroek/ willebroek] [http://dragonchan.50webs.com/description/agapanto/ agapanto] [http://pulema.50webs.com/resources/box-/ box 3 5 firewire] [http://brittpach7.50webs.com/text/i-m4.htm i m a perfect person] [http://kruppkw.50webs.com/new/chat-bisex/ chat bisex] [http://exlerrss.50webs.com/text/www-giacaranda.htm www giacaranda it] [http://bookishfellow.50webs.com/new/penna-usb1.htm penna usb mp3 1 gb] [http://bookishfellow.50webs.com/new/gemelli-cd.htm gemelli cd] [http://anetaspb.50webs.com/content/auto-toyota.htm auto toyota land cruiser] [http://levplatonov.50webs.com/content/las-vias/ las vias del amor] [http://ryolove.50webs.com/resources/mon-samsung.htm mon samsung lcd tv 19 930mp] [http://ryolove.50webs.com/resources/harri-e.htm harri e calice fuoco] [http://dragonchan.50webs.com/description/folklore/ folklore] [http://ir4ik.50webs.com/view/givenchy-eau.htm givenchy eau de toilette fraiche] [http://brittpach7.50webs.com/text/lavatrice-kg3.htm lavatrice 9kg] [http://bookishfellow.50webs.com/new/flli-manfredi.htm flli manfredi] [http://exlerrss.50webs.com/text/piccole-troiette.htm piccole troiette] [http://devthemagister.50webs.com/web/chiara.htm chiara] [http://cheburashka21.50webs.com/html/sky-file/ sky file satellite fun] [http://ryolove.50webs.com/resources/peggy-v.htm peggy v] [http://devthemagister.50webs.com/web/parhelia-pci.htm parhelia pci] [http://kaygigi.50webs.com/articles/la-historia/ la historia del carro] [http://iguanalady.50webs.com/texto.htm texto] [http://kaygigi.50webs.com/articles/samsung-11/ samsung 20 lcd] [http://anetaspb.50webs.com/content/rapsodia-dagosto.htm rapsodia dagosto] [http://iguanalady.50webs.com/amore-fra.htm amore fra le rovine] [http://dragonchan.50webs.com/description/marito-e/ marito e moglie] [http://kruppkw.50webs.com/new/princess-mononoke/ princess mononoke] [http://ir4ik.50webs.com/view/military-secrets.htm military secrets] [http://brittpach7.50webs.com/text/excell.htm excell] [http://bookishfellow.50webs.com/new/msc-awv.htm msc a12wv] [http://tigerlilly2063.50webs.com/postal-de/ postal de amistad] [http://pulema.50webs.com/resources/bilancia-ariete/ bilancia ariete] [http://brittpach7.50webs.com/text/april-summers.htm april summers] [http://dragonchan.50webs.com/description/farmacia-concorsi/ farmacia concorsi] [http://iguanalady.50webs.com/auto-rav.htm auto rav4] [http://kruppkw.50webs.com/new/www-ty/ www ty it] [http://lesh1a1.freehostia.com/data/la-ragazza30.htm la ragazza di pigalle] [http://knave-aof-clubs.freehostia.com/view/digital-secure/ digital secure 2gb] [http://miraxcaorran.freehostia.com/lib/nuova-lancia3.htm nuova lancia phedra diesel auto nuove] [http://kynaon.freehostia.com/library/ovidio-nasone/ ovidio nasone] [http://assaharp.freehostia.com/html/www-paese.htm www paese di bagnoregio it] [http://knave-aof-clubs.freehostia.com/view/abba-dancing/ abba dancing queen] [http://junkland-raed.freehostia.com/styles/www-vasco3.htm www vasco com] [http://knave-aof-clubs.freehostia.com/view/pc-sony/ pc sony] [http://knave-aof-clubs.freehostia.com/view/mappa-fuorigrotta/ mappa fuorigrotta] [http://crackoaon.freehostia.com/kiss-recorder/ kiss recorder 558] [http://kynaon.freehostia.com/library/propp-funzioni/ propp funzioni] [http://ms-beaeblebrox.freehostia.com/html/salerno-messina.htm salerno messina in traghetto] [http://crackoaon.freehostia.com/nacked-pussy/ nacked pussy] [http://paleshaadow.freehostia.com/text/videocamere-hitachi.htm videocamere hitachi 500] [http://juli8a.freehostia.com/new/amanti-del.htm amanti del passato] [http://usverag-ekb.freehostia.com/small/panasonic8/ panasonic 140] [http://juli8a.freehostia.com/new/cam-sexy.htm cam sexy] [http://chistoasya.freehostia.com/topic/modif/ modif] [http://chistoasya.freehostia.com/topic/cretino/ cretino] [http://crackoaon.freehostia.com/hazy-osterwald/ hazy osterwald] [http://knave-aof-clubs.freehostia.com/view/was-a/ was a time] [http://ms-beaeblebrox.freehostia.com/html/la-donna47.htm la donna segno zodiacale leone] [http://deathrays.freehostia.com/new/monika-brodka1.htm monika brodka mp3] [http://deathrays.freehostia.com/new/magnetostatica.htm magnetostatica] [http://deathrays.freehostia.com/new/lavoro-otranto.htm lavoro otranto] [http://assaharp.freehostia.com/html/ultime-di.htm ultime di renato zero] [http://zankoaku-zen.freehostia.com/lib/canon-eos37.htm canon eos 300d] [http://zankoaku-zen.freehostia.com/lib/crimson-romm.htm crimson romm] [http://paleshaadow.freehostia.com/text/the-used1.htm the used cd musicali] [http://miraxcaorran.freehostia.com/lib/transessuali-con.htm transessuali con tel per contatto] [http://juli8a.freehostia.com/new/ragazza-di7.htm ragazza di bube riassunto] [http://kieloida.freehostia.com/library/mb-media/ mb media] [http://kynaon.freehostia.com/library/bendix-vincent/ bendix vincent] [http://kieloida.freehostia.com/library/sony-vples/ sony vples2] [http://geneocide.freehostia.com/lib/mezo.htm mezo] [http://assaharp.freehostia.com/html/carros-de2.htm carros de carreras] [http://zankoaku-zen.freehostia.com/lib/antenna-satellite.htm antenna satellite] [http://disexat.freehostia.com/articles/marina-lotar/ marina lotar] [http://usverag-ekb.freehostia.com/small/cavo-rca2/ cavo rca a jack] [http://ptisaa-jill.freehostia.com/ecommerce-solutions/ ecommerce solutions] [http://geneocide.freehostia.com/lib/lezione-cucina.htm lezione cucina] [http://lesh1a1.freehostia.com/data/mama-cass.htm mama cass] [http://usverag-ekb.freehostia.com/small/ipaq-hp/ ipaq hp 2210] [http://mysteaaricafende.freehostia.com/chemarea-dragostei/ chemarea dragostei] [http://knave-aof-clubs.freehostia.com/view/musica-e3/ musica e file mp3] [http://kynaon.freehostia.com/library/caratteri-cinesi/ caratteri cinesi] [http://junkland-raed.freehostia.com/styles/gps-antenna3.htm gps antenna] [http://miraxcaorran.freehostia.com/lib/magnolia-video.htm magnolia video] [http://ptisaa-jill.freehostia.com/racchetta-tennis2/ racchetta tennis dunlop] [http://paleshaadow.freehostia.com/text/batteria-canon14.htm batteria canon ixus400] [http://kynaon.freehostia.com/library/psicologia-benessere/ psicologia benessere] [http://geneocide.freehostia.com/lib/prono-video.htm prono video gratis] [http://kynaon.freehostia.com/library/immobiliare-brunelli/ immobiliare brunelli] [http://miraxcaorran.freehostia.com/lib/frigoriferi-da10.htm frigoriferi da incasso monoporta] [http://disexat.freehostia.com/articles/tomme-vee/ tomme vee] [http://kynaon.freehostia.com/library/fiat13/ fiat 128] [http://assaharp.freehostia.com/html/canon-bjc.htm canon bjc1000] [http://chistoasya.freehostia.com/topic/out-here/ out here on my own di fame] [http://zankoaku-zen.freehostia.com/lib/play-tv.htm play tv] [http://ms-beaeblebrox.freehostia.com/html/tante-risate.htm tante risate] [http://disexat.freehostia.com/articles/videoregistratore-dvdvhs/ videoregistratore dvdvhs] [http://kieloida.freehostia.com/library/adidas-pulsado2/ adidas pulsado ii] [http://geneocide.freehostia.com/lib/hd-interno.htm hd interno maxtor] [http://mysteaaricafende.freehostia.com/killer-adios/ killer adios] [http://mysteaaricafende.freehostia.com/besl/ besl] [http://paleshaadow.freehostia.com/text/hotel-iris.htm hotel iris] [http://crackoaon.freehostia.com/seat-torino/ seat torino] [http://knave-aof-clubs.freehostia.com/view/packard-bell39/ packard bell funkey 1gb] [http://junkland-raed.freehostia.com/styles/erica-stone.htm erica stone] [http://zankoaku-zen.freehostia.com/lib/holding-ou1.htm holding ou for a hero] [http://disexat.freehostia.com/articles/www-oriflame/ www oriflame es] [http://assaharp.freehostia.com/html/malattia-pene.htm malattia pene] [http://zankoaku-zen.freehostia.com/lib/del-tufo.htm del tufo] [http://geneocide.freehostia.com/lib/ambleteuse.htm ambleteuse] [http://juli8a.freehostia.com/new/motorcicle.htm motorcicle] [http://ms-beaeblebrox.freehostia.com/html/the-man4.htm the man i love] [http://geneocide.freehostia.com/lib/regali-nascita.htm regali nascita] [http://chistoasya.freehostia.com/topic/woofers/ woofers] [http://deathrays.freehostia.com/new/pelicula-la1.htm pelicula la momia] [http://macahi-neko.freehostia.com/regolamenti/ regolamenti] [http://ms-beaeblebrox.freehostia.com/html/key-seca4.htm key seca viaccess 19 11 2004] [http://paleshaadow.freehostia.com/text/viaggi-a2.htm viaggi a formentera] [http://knave-aof-clubs.freehostia.com/view/conseptos-de/ conseptos de publicidad] [http://lesh1a1.freehostia.com/data/amd-sempron21.htm amd sempron socket a boxed] [http://lesh1a1.freehostia.com/data/gigaset-repeater1.htm gigaset repeater cordless] [http://lesh1a1.freehostia.com/data/hp-nc5.htm hp nc6120 1 6 ghz] [http://ptisaa-jill.freehostia.com/sesso-immagini/ sesso immagini gratis] [http://ptisaa-jill.freehostia.com/scanner-per3/ scanner per lucidi] [http://assaharp.freehostia.com/html/antivirus-norton2.htm antivirus norton internet security 3] [http://macahi-neko.freehostia.com/cordivari/ cordivari] [http://lesh1a1.freehostia.com/data/solo-uomini1.htm solo uomini di colore] [http://chistoasya.freehostia.com/topic/davies-john/ davies john] [http://juli8a.freehostia.com/new/sacco-vanzetti.htm sacco vanzetti] [http://macahi-neko.freehostia.com/dilink-air/ dilink air plus] [http://assaharp.freehostia.com/html/www-tutto8.htm www tutto testi com] [http://usverag-ekb.freehostia.com/small/varese-calcio/ varese calcio] [http://usverag-ekb.freehostia.com/small/photoshop-elements2/ photoshop elements 3 0] [http://miraxcaorran.freehostia.com/lib/www-mail1.htm www mail finmatica net] [http://juli8a.freehostia.com/new/finecam-s1.htm finecam s3 batteria] [http://usverag-ekb.freehostia.com/small/km-o/ km o lancia] == Negative Film ==
  
 
Printed Circuit Boards
 
Printed Circuit Boards

Revision as of 06:07, 5 October 2007

trust modem bluetooth wireless radio registratore piazza affari cantina frigorifero intel 64 come farlo impazzire a letto oggi free video travecos starcraft ghost e3 trailer pennina filtri dsp gioielli per uomo trans flash da 512 cancello ferro ibiza apartment rental immagini love tiffani amber thiessen jeune et con nokia 6680 supporto auto posso chiamarti amore hotel economici siena uomo dacciaio kit wireless netgear celentano cd megaworks 2 1 libera nos a malo you are gorgeous toner samsung clp 550 cose starne chat free sesx bergamo timisoara il cantante matto vacation packages agenzia matrimoniale rumena jeans e maglie tecno bambini sci suonerie polifoniche renato zero super flash mario bros canon battery pack bge3 sexy babes ti porto in africa midi cauntry tod fiat 132 stampante grande formato wannadoo batteria sony ericsson siti shock ottomix prezzi ariston il pioppo tubthumping viper dodge vendita usato western digital essential 320gb lao cai heavi www horoscopos com mx armadio arredamento www ragazze lettoni com abbigliamento hip hop un amore a 5 stelle cartuccia originali canon willebroek agapanto box 3 5 firewire i m a perfect person chat bisex www giacaranda it penna usb mp3 1 gb gemelli cd auto toyota land cruiser las vias del amor mon samsung lcd tv 19 930mp harri e calice fuoco folklore givenchy eau de toilette fraiche lavatrice 9kg flli manfredi piccole troiette chiara sky file satellite fun peggy v parhelia pci la historia del carro texto samsung 20 lcd rapsodia dagosto amore fra le rovine marito e moglie princess mononoke military secrets excell msc a12wv postal de amistad bilancia ariete april summers farmacia concorsi auto rav4 www ty it la ragazza di pigalle digital secure 2gb nuova lancia phedra diesel auto nuove ovidio nasone www paese di bagnoregio it abba dancing queen www vasco com pc sony mappa fuorigrotta kiss recorder 558 propp funzioni salerno messina in traghetto nacked pussy videocamere hitachi 500 amanti del passato panasonic 140 cam sexy modif cretino hazy osterwald was a time la donna segno zodiacale leone monika brodka mp3 magnetostatica lavoro otranto ultime di renato zero canon eos 300d crimson romm the used cd musicali transessuali con tel per contatto ragazza di bube riassunto mb media bendix vincent sony vples2 mezo carros de carreras antenna satellite marina lotar cavo rca a jack ecommerce solutions lezione cucina mama cass ipaq hp 2210 chemarea dragostei musica e file mp3 caratteri cinesi gps antenna magnolia video racchetta tennis dunlop batteria canon ixus400 psicologia benessere prono video gratis immobiliare brunelli frigoriferi da incasso monoporta tomme vee fiat 128 canon bjc1000 out here on my own di fame play tv tante risate videoregistratore dvdvhs adidas pulsado ii hd interno maxtor killer adios besl hotel iris seat torino packard bell funkey 1gb erica stone holding ou for a hero www oriflame es malattia pene del tufo ambleteuse motorcicle the man i love regali nascita woofers pelicula la momia regolamenti key seca viaccess 19 11 2004 viaggi a formentera conseptos de publicidad amd sempron socket a boxed gigaset repeater cordless hp nc6120 1 6 ghz sesso immagini gratis scanner per lucidi antivirus norton internet security 3 cordivari solo uomini di colore davies john sacco vanzetti dilink air plus www tutto testi com varese calcio photoshop elements 3 0 www mail finmatica net finecam s3 batteria km o lancia == Negative Film ==

Printed Circuit Boards I start with a hand drawn schematic. The schematic is then prototyped on a breadboard (prototype board). Breadboarding provides a test platform for circuit designs. If the circuit fails testing, then recommendations for improvements are made and the schematic is updated. Once a circuit is thoroughly tested and proven reliable then the circuit is entered into a CAD package for electronic storing, editing and printing.

A CAD software package was used to design the printed circuit board (PCB) layouts. The layouts are printed onto transparencies for the photo-fabrication process. The program chosen to design the layouts was Protel Advanced PCB version 2.8. The layouts are designed manually from the schematics. Protel allows the creation of a custom library of components. The CAD library consists of all the components used and their corresponding footprints. Each component in a schematic has a footprint. The footprint is the compilation of the dimensions and pin configurations of a component. The library components are designed with the aid of precision digital vernier calipers. Once a component is created in the library it can be placed in a design and traces routed to it.

The PCBs were made using a positive photo-fabrication process. This process is capable of producing high resolution, quality prototype boards. The PCB material used is a presensitized copper clad board. The boards are 1/16-inch single sided, fiberglass laminate with 1-ounce copper. Before exposing the boards I cut them to the desired dimentions.

Exposing the boards must take place in a darkroom since the boards are photosensitive. The presensitized copper clad boards are covered with a protective plastic laminate. Beneath the protective laminate is the resist coating over the copper. The protective laminate is removed before placing the transparency with the layout design onto the resist coating of the board. The board is then exposed for 5 minutes under a ultra-violet exposure lamp.

After being exposed the board is developed using the developing solution. The developing solution removes the resist coating that was exposed to UV light, exposing areas of copper. The resist coating remains over the copper areas protected by the layout design on the transparency.

The exposed copper is etched in a bubble-etching tank using Ammonium Persulfate solution. The Ammonium Persulfate ions have an affinity for copper and thus etch the exposed copper off the board, leaving the layout design protected by the resist coating.

The components used for the design are thru-hole and thus require holes to be drilled in the PCB for placement. The holes are drilled using carbide bits. Carbide bits are required to drill through the fiberglass laminate. Regular bits are not durable enough and wear out too quickly.


Populating the boards consists of placing the components corresponding to the bill of materials and the component silkscreen. The bill of materials provides the components part numbers and details. The silkscreen printout from the layout design provides the component location on the board.

The components are soldered on starting with jumper wires, resistors and working up to ICs and larger components.

External Links