Difference between revisions of "Oscillator"

From OpenCircuits
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Protected "Oscillator": spam magnet [edit=sysop:move=sysop] (expires 10:16, 4 October 2007 (UTC)))
Line 1: Line 1:
The vast majority of electronic systems operate at some fixed frequency.
+
[http://www.kayseriaskf.com/picture_library/moaxsx.html Usato automobile] [http://mojelizatko.wz.cz/source/language_text/wlqndb.html Webmail telecom italia it] [http://jesper-holm.dk/GeneratedItems/enxinb.html Commercialista roma] [http://www.ebrulimobilya.com/picture_library/jpkpid.html Unipol] [http://www.lightcut.ru/de/content/cache/ahtxks.html Quadri di klimt veneto] [http://www.windjammer-landing.com/old/weddings/uhqenw.html Noleggio tendone treviso] [http://troniny.ovh.org/temp/xgfdqk.html Manara milo] [http://www.isabeyli.bel.tr/templates/css/adxtrf.html Copertina ita ps2] [http://troniny.ovh.org/temp/vjwmih.html dvx lettore dvd] [http://radioherz.com/Library/_notes/nahrmx.html Vip fakes] [http://www.tffhgdkayseri.org.tr/picture_library/cfixlx.html Melita tonioli] [http://jesper-holm.dk/GeneratedItems/segikp.html Radio deejay] [http://gardenstylebydesign.com/Templates/rbapst.html Francesca piccinini picture] [http://www.lightcut.ru/de/content/cache/unrgwj.html Presetting strumento misura] [http://www.windjammer-landing.com/old/weddings/fbnhmd.html Spiagge nude] [http://suncom.uz/picture_library/bfefsx.html Ciste ovarica dolore lombare] [http://gardenstylebydesign.com/Templates/xjnouq.html Gestione rapporto cliente] [http://fmgroup.ca/blog/wp-includes/js/tinymce/utils/qiafhj.html Beach voyeur] [http://www.lightcut.ru/de/content/cache/rpteju.html Metro ingrosso alimentare moncalieri] [http://jtcmed.com/zaya/cvvlao.html Stampante hp photosmart] [http://radioherz.com/Library/_notes/crajrc.html Sardegna albergo] [http://fmgroup.ca/blog/wp-includes/js/tinymce/utils/ppdfci.html Elenco attrici porno] [http://www.windjammer-landing.com/old/weddings/anqnxw.html Diciottenni pelose] [http://www.windjammer-landing.com/old/weddings/bmvlcq.html Wresling porno] [http://marketingstat.com/iq/fflitl.html Oroscopo ironico] [http://uzmilana.com/pages/htmls/xxurkb.html Fantacalcio] [http://www.mils.co.yu/strane/qhmomu.html Toscana vino cava] [http://jesper-holm.dk/GeneratedItems/gctloh.html Racconti di milu] [http://uzmilana.com/pages/htmls/qwfkno.html Guinness dei primati] [http://suncom.uz/picture_library/wcngak.html Orologio solario] [http://www.windjammer-landing.com/old/weddings/ulxume.html Spiaggia nudisti] [http://jtcmed.com/zaya/oawrsa.html Chloe jones bikini] [http://higginscohn.com/picture_library/hfxmbf.html Pensioni per cani] [http://lightyearmedia.com/widgets/owtwer.html Collant e sesso] [http://fmgroup.ca/blog/wp-includes/js/tinymce/utils/wbiqbf.html Presentatrici nude] [http://windsor-edmonton.com/plywood_images/als_locks/_vti_cnf/jjwfpk.html Pillola anticoncezionale] [http://www.lightcut.ru/de/content/cache/skavrb.html Minigonna senza mutandine] [http://www.ebrulimobilya.com/picture_library/mqkisn.html Connessione internet gratis] [http://mojelizatko.wz.cz/source/language_text/usveqm.html Intranet informaservizi it] [http://radioherz.com/Library/_notes/suigki.html Racconto di sodomia] [http://suncom.uz/picture_library/huthrb.html One piece entai] [http://jesper-holm.dk/GeneratedItems/oolnbj.html Los roques posada] [http://higginscohn.com/picture_library/luiulp.html Prof luce rossa pordenone] [http://www.maviyesilkent.com.tr/images/rggixg.html Riflessologia plantare mappa del piede] [http://www.kayseriaskf.com/picture_library/vedcwe.html John lennon] [http://mojelizatko.wz.cz/source/language_text/wdbpvn.html Altro consumo] [http://radioherz.com/Library/_notes/acwblg.html Vecchie troie pompinare] [http://higginscohn.com/picture_library/iudhkd.html Foto amatoriali porno] [http://500hats.net/songs/gvhekf.html Celebrita italiane] [http://www.mimdizayn.com/merkez/images/ceerds.html Design polimi] [http://www.windjammer-landing.com/old/weddings/dnnptw.html Porno veramente gratis] [http://appony.com/urlaalex/uaeplg.html Tamagotchi europe] [http://appony.com/urlaalex/vahnbf.html Dislessia] [http://www.lightcut.ru/de/content/cache/tqtwrp.html Acquario oroscopo giorno] [http://higginscohn.com/picture_library/cteldh.html Video hentai lamu] [http://gardenstylebydesign.com/Templates/hnbqra.html Cayman isole] [http://www.ebrulimobilya.com/picture_library/betqjb.html Rdb] [http://www.mimdizayn.com/merkez/images/qkafht.html Un mondo di donnine] [http://radioherz.com/Library/_notes/prqgwp.html Abiti cerimoniali da ragazza] [http://www.mimdizayn.com/merkez/images/soflig.html Gravina in puglia] [http://www.mils.co.yu/strane/qvlesm.html Foto figa nera] [http://gardenstylebydesign.com/Templates/prguho.html Ermafrodita foto] [http://www.mils.co.yu/strane/ndmdle.html Hotel finale ligure] [http://radioherz.com/Library/_notes/toihei.html Www le iene it] [http://www.fuarkent.com.tr/picture_library/taabrg.html Prestito treviso] [http://www.akcasar.net/images/nrsknu.html Tatuaggio delfino] [http://www.lightcut.ru/de/content/cache/tpeojn.html Foto emma watson nuda] [http://jesper-holm.dk/GeneratedItems/thetwr.html Interesse bancario] [http://suncom.uz/picture_library/oauuhd.html Campeggio italia] [http://www.mezarci.net/images/rowger.html Silver rings] [http://www.1956memorial.com/test/ofpbds.html Diciottenni troie] [http://www.tffhgdkayseri.org.tr/picture_library/ophxna.html Villa and affitto casa vacanza] [http://www.tffhgdkayseri.org.tr/picture_library/xjxnpd.html Tablature basso 883] [http://jtcmed.com/zaya/mmjffm.html Porno animali gratis] [http://www.mils.co.yu/strane/hxubtl.html Troie puttane gratis] [http://www.mezarci.net/images/hnoidn.html Prefisso] [http://500hats.net/songs/onnxkp.html James blunt tribute band] [http://jtcmed.com/zaya/kglrld.html Vendita pc portatile] [http://windsor-edmonton.com/plywood_images/als_locks/_vti_cnf/jtxpmk.html Box prefabbricato] [http://www.mezarci.net/images/wbojid.html Littizzetto] [http://www.lightcut.ru/de/content/cache/hnosmp.html Annuncio tx escort] [http://www.akcasar.net/images/mssncs.html Giochi dress up] [http://www.hasekisigorta.com/images/jmobur.html Alberta ristorante] [http://www.just4keepers.ca/old/html/aaiosf.html Adara michaels] [http://jesper-holm.dk/GeneratedItems/dpbwnw.html Sony bmg music entertainment] [http://probeverunka.unas.cz/cache/illvdb.html Foto sexe gratis romania] [http://www.art-product.com/images/cetkice/fjulat.html Sapere it dizionario] [http://anatemasokofilm.com/zvuk/bkoqef.html Intranet informaservizi it] [http://radioherz.com/Library/_notes/uxlqud.html Prenotazione albergo colonia] [http://www.maviyesilkent.com.tr/images/ulnves.html Filmati incesti] [http://mojelizatko.wz.cz/source/language_text/upepxr.html Playhouse disney italia] [http://www.just4keepers.ca/old/html/uqvdxc.html Trunks pan hentai] [http://mojelizatko.wz.cz/source/language_text/jkrwnx.html Livejasmin com] [http://www.mimdizayn.com/merkez/images/utqaoe.html Ascolta musica italiana] [http://www.akcasar.net/images/gabgxa.html Zemanova] [http://troniny.ovh.org/temp/jbhlog.html Figc crt] [http://www.kayseriaskf.com/picture_library/msvrde.html Suoneria da scaricare] [http://windsor-edmonton.com/plywood_images/als_locks/_vti_cnf/tbkkij.html Peso perdita herbalife distributore] [http://radioherz.com/Library/_notes/ctswlb.html Elisabetta canalis hard] [http://www.tffhgdkayseri.org.tr/picture_library/regmsn.html Www caesartour it] [http://lazy-murrra.freehostia.com/midifiles.htm midifiles] [http://egocentricf.freehostia.com/helen-e.htm helen e i suoi amici] [http://beloyara.freehostia.com/topic/voulez-vous1/ voulez vous danser] [http://egocentricf.freehostia.com/no-ghe1.htm no ghe] [http://egocentricf.freehostia.com/he-would.htm he would let it be] [http://dacrackst.freehostia.com/data/foto-racconti5/ foto racconti di  incesto] [http://tyttora.freehostia.com/text/che-fine/ che fine] [http://super-ioz.freehostia.com/dixon/ dixon] [http://beloyara.freehostia.com/topic/nokia-351/ nokia 6101 vodafone] [http://renkokitom.freehostia.com/video-elicottero/ video elicottero in iraq] [http://tacogrrla.freehostia.com/you-got5.htm you got a friend] [http://egocentricf.freehostia.com/why-don1.htm why don t you do right] [http://isbellan.freehostia.com/web/apple-laserwriter2/ apple laserwriter 8500] [http://isbellan.freehostia.com/web/pixies-hey/ pixies hey] [http://beloyara.freehostia.com/topic/da-bomb1/ da bomb] [http://drakuldemona.freehostia.com/u-bindi.htm u bindi] [http://dacrackst.freehostia.com/data/collari-per/ collari per cani] [http://isbellan.freehostia.com/web/mixer-amplificati/ mixer amplificati] [http://tyttora.freehostia.com/text/pedale-wah/ pedale wah] [http://tacogrrla.freehostia.com/paolina-rubio1.htm paolina rubio] [http://lazy-murrra.freehostia.com/free-password.htm free password porn] [http://beloyara.freehostia.com/topic/metro-rock/ metro rock club] [http://isbellan.freehostia.com/web/larea-/ larea 51 apre i suoi cancelli al web] [http://just-whelm.freehostia.com/deskjet-c10.htm deskjet 610c] [http://egocentricf.freehostia.com/misread-the.htm misread the king of convenience] [http://isbellan.freehostia.com/web/foto-de11/ foto de mujeres denudas] [http://tyttora.freehostia.com/text/sito-del3/ sito del secolo xix] [http://isbellan.freehostia.com/web/marlene-favela/ marlene favela] [http://drakuldemona.freehostia.com/safet-isovic.htm safet isovic] [http://beloyara.freehostia.com/topic/pc-acer10/ pc acer ferrari] [http://drakuldemona.freehostia.com/pesca-vison.htm pesca vison] [http://renkokitom.freehostia.com/uomini-sportivi/ uomini sportivi foto xxx] [http://renkokitom.freehostia.com/raggiodisole/ raggiodisole] [http://egocentricf.freehostia.com/spionaggio-a.htm spionaggio a casablanca] [http://tyttora.freehostia.com/text/sms-con/ sms con win] [http://just-whelm.freehostia.com/militare-decapitato.htm militare decapitato] [http://drakuldemona.freehostia.com/hd-portatili.htm hd portatili] [http://super-ioz.freehostia.com/kartel/ kartel] [http://renkokitom.freehostia.com/jennifer-presman/ jennifer presman] [http://isbellan.freehostia.com/web/ambrosio-gabriella/ ambrosio gabriella libri] [http://super-ioz.freehostia.com/en-espanol/ en espanol] [http://tyttora.freehostia.com/text/asus-ngt5/ asus n6600gt agp 128] [http://tacogrrla.freehostia.com/www-jippii1.htm www jippii it] [http://tyttora.freehostia.com/text/segnali-militari/ segnali militari] [http://egocentricf.freehostia.com/yetisport12.htm yetisport] [http://tacogrrla.freehostia.com/midi-di11.htm midi di annai 60] [http://just-whelm.freehostia.com/ultime-notizie15.htm ultime notizie iraq] [http://isbellan.freehostia.com/web/programma-per20/ programma per togliere la traccia del ca] [http://tacogrrla.freehostia.com/haiducii-dragostea15.htm haiducii dragostea din tei solo canzone] [http://beloyara.freehostia.com/topic/una-lei/ una lei tra di noi] [http://tacogrrla.freehostia.com/video-selezione.htm video selezione veline] [http://egocentricf.freehostia.com/the-spanish.htm the spanish tragedy] [http://isbellan.freehostia.com/web/dvd-tft1/ dvd tft] [http://egocentricf.freehostia.com/modella-foto.htm modella foto] [http://tacogrrla.freehostia.com/faber-stapulensis.htm faber stapulensis] [http://tacogrrla.freehostia.com/hp-152.htm hp 24 porte] [http://isbellan.freehostia.com/web/padre-davvero1/ padre davvero] [http://dacrackst.freehostia.com/data/kymco/ kymco] [http://dacrackst.freehostia.com/data/vento-di5/ vento di passioni film dvd] [http://egocentricf.freehostia.com/star-sex.htm star sex] [http://beloyara.freehostia.com/topic/in-grid2/ in grid] [http://just-whelm.freehostia.com/fibre-artificiali.htm fibre artificiali e sintetiche] [http://dacrackst.freehostia.com/data/floppy-driver/ floppy driver combo] [http://just-whelm.freehostia.com/hoobstank-the1.htm hoobstank the reason] [http://beloyara.freehostia.com/topic/wagner-parsifal/ wagner parsifal] [http://tyttora.freehostia.com/text/ballade-of/ ballade of adeline] [http://beloyara.freehostia.com/topic/spot-pubblicitari2/ spot pubblicitari nike] [http://tyttora.freehostia.com/text/dabakala/ dabakala] [http://beloyara.freehostia.com/topic/donna-classe1/ donna classe] [http://dacrackst.freehostia.com/data/real-flat1/ real flat 29] [http://egocentricf.freehostia.com/www-telcel1.htm www telcel com] [http://drakuldemona.freehostia.com/sox.htm sox] [http://renkokitom.freehostia.com/multifunzione-laser19/ multifunzione laser a colori con fronte] [http://just-whelm.freehostia.com/deejay-it.htm deejay it] [http://egocentricf.freehostia.com/mille-una.htm mille una] [http://beloyara.freehostia.com/topic/usb-hard2/ usb hard disk 300 gb] [http://isbellan.freehostia.com/web/balance/ balance] [http://lazy-murrra.freehostia.com/topamax-.htm topamax 25 mg 60 cps] [http://super-ioz.freehostia.com/super-painter/ super painter valex] [http://lazy-murrra.freehostia.com/testo-nek.htm testo nek] [http://beloyara.freehostia.com/topic/volo-brescia/ volo brescia] [http://tacogrrla.freehostia.com/dvd-di4.htm dvd di ligabue] [http://lazy-murrra.freehostia.com/peppe-sex.htm peppe sex] [http://super-ioz.freehostia.com/lettori-memory12/ lettori memory card magnex] [http://egocentricf.freehostia.com/lcd-zorba.htm lcd zorba s dance] [http://isbellan.freehostia.com/web/primo-lesbo/ primo lesbo] [http://just-whelm.freehostia.com/i-diamanti1.htm i diamanti che nessuno voleva rubare] [http://dacrackst.freehostia.com/data/cuscino-collo/ cuscino collo] [http://tacogrrla.freehostia.com/hit-my14.htm hit my] [http://egocentricf.freehostia.com/corsi-gambe.htm corsi gambe rosso] [http://beloyara.freehostia.com/topic/malta-gozo/ malta gozo] [http://super-ioz.freehostia.com/scarpe-trandy/ scarpe trandy] [http://super-ioz.freehostia.com/fly-by/ fly by blue] [http://tyttora.freehostia.com/text/lanier-drivers/ lanier drivers] [http://tyttora.freehostia.com/text/motori-di11/ motori di ricerca trens] [http://egocentricf.freehostia.com/gabry-ponte24.htm gabry ponte e little tony] [http://renkokitom.freehostia.com/gene-lee1/ gene lee nolin video] [http://tacogrrla.freehostia.com/hillarie-burton.htm hillarie burton] [http://lazy-murrra.freehostia.com/cimitero-prima.htm cimitero prima porta roma] [http://super-ioz.freehostia.com/elezioni-it/ elezioni it] The vast majority of electronic systems operate at some fixed frequency.
  
 
Usually the component that fixes that frequency is a quartz crystal, sealed in a metal can.
 
Usually the component that fixes that frequency is a quartz crystal, sealed in a metal can.
Line 27: Line 27:
 
== for further reading ==
 
== for further reading ==
  
* [http://techref.massmind.org/techref/clocks.htm massmind: clocks]
+
* [http://techref.massmind.org/techref/clocks.htm  
 +
1000
 +
massmind: clocks]
 
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_oscillator Wikipedia: crystal oscillator]
 
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_oscillator Wikipedia: crystal oscillator]
* [http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=1824&appnote=en021190 "App Note AN949: Making Your Oscillator Work" by Brett Duane]
+
* [http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE
* [http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=1824&appnote=en020706 "App Note AN943: Practical PICmicro® Oscillator Analysis and Design" by Ruan Lourens]
 
 
 
[[Category:Components]]
 

Revision as of 21:38, 4 October 2007

Usato automobile Webmail telecom italia it Commercialista roma Unipol Quadri di klimt veneto Noleggio tendone treviso Manara milo Copertina ita ps2 dvx lettore dvd Vip fakes Melita tonioli Radio deejay Francesca piccinini picture Presetting strumento misura Spiagge nude Ciste ovarica dolore lombare Gestione rapporto cliente Beach voyeur Metro ingrosso alimentare moncalieri Stampante hp photosmart Sardegna albergo Elenco attrici porno Diciottenni pelose Wresling porno Oroscopo ironico Fantacalcio Toscana vino cava Racconti di milu Guinness dei primati Orologio solario Spiaggia nudisti Chloe jones bikini Pensioni per cani Collant e sesso Presentatrici nude Pillola anticoncezionale Minigonna senza mutandine Connessione internet gratis Intranet informaservizi it Racconto di sodomia One piece entai Los roques posada Prof luce rossa pordenone Riflessologia plantare mappa del piede John lennon Altro consumo Vecchie troie pompinare Foto amatoriali porno Celebrita italiane Design polimi Porno veramente gratis Tamagotchi europe Dislessia Acquario oroscopo giorno Video hentai lamu Cayman isole Rdb Un mondo di donnine Abiti cerimoniali da ragazza Gravina in puglia Foto figa nera Ermafrodita foto Hotel finale ligure Www le iene it Prestito treviso Tatuaggio delfino Foto emma watson nuda Interesse bancario Campeggio italia Silver rings Diciottenni troie Villa and affitto casa vacanza Tablature basso 883 Porno animali gratis Troie puttane gratis Prefisso James blunt tribute band Vendita pc portatile Box prefabbricato Littizzetto Annuncio tx escort Giochi dress up Alberta ristorante Adara michaels Sony bmg music entertainment Foto sexe gratis romania Sapere it dizionario Intranet informaservizi it Prenotazione albergo colonia Filmati incesti Playhouse disney italia Trunks pan hentai Livejasmin com Ascolta musica italiana Zemanova Figc crt Suoneria da scaricare Peso perdita herbalife distributore Elisabetta canalis hard Www caesartour it midifiles helen e i suoi amici voulez vous danser no ghe he would let it be foto racconti di incesto che fine dixon nokia 6101 vodafone video elicottero in iraq you got a friend why don t you do right apple laserwriter 8500 pixies hey da bomb u bindi collari per cani mixer amplificati pedale wah paolina rubio free password porn metro rock club larea 51 apre i suoi cancelli al web deskjet 610c misread the king of convenience foto de mujeres denudas sito del secolo xix marlene favela safet isovic pc acer ferrari pesca vison uomini sportivi foto xxx raggiodisole spionaggio a casablanca sms con win militare decapitato hd portatili kartel jennifer presman ambrosio gabriella libri en espanol asus n6600gt agp 128 www jippii it segnali militari yetisport midi di annai 60 ultime notizie iraq programma per togliere la traccia del ca haiducii dragostea din tei solo canzone una lei tra di noi video selezione veline the spanish tragedy dvd tft modella foto faber stapulensis hp 24 porte padre davvero kymco vento di passioni film dvd star sex in grid fibre artificiali e sintetiche floppy driver combo hoobstank the reason wagner parsifal ballade of adeline spot pubblicitari nike dabakala donna classe real flat 29 www telcel com sox multifunzione laser a colori con fronte deejay it mille una usb hard disk 300 gb balance topamax 25 mg 60 cps super painter valex testo nek volo brescia dvd di ligabue peppe sex lettori memory card magnex lcd zorba s dance primo lesbo i diamanti che nessuno voleva rubare cuscino collo hit my corsi gambe rosso malta gozo scarpe trandy fly by blue lanier drivers motori di ricerca trens gabry ponte e little tony gene lee nolin video hillarie burton cimitero prima porta roma elezioni it The vast majority of electronic systems operate at some fixed frequency.

Usually the component that fixes that frequency is a quartz crystal, sealed in a metal can. (Some very-low-cost devices might use a "ceramic resonator" (made of high-stability piezoelectric ceramics, generally lead zirconium titanate)or a resistor and a capacitor to fix the frequency).

The entire circuit that generates the frequency is called an "oscillator", includes the resonant part (crystal, resonator, or RC), some capacitors, and a silicon chip and therefore is called a hybrid device. (An oscillator that uses a resistor and a capacitor to fix the frequency is called a "RC oscillator". An oscillator that uses a crystal to fix the frequency is called a "crystal oscillator".)

The oscillator includes, in addition to the frequency-fixing component just mentioned, an amplifier and capacitors.

Oscillators usually come in a metal can, but Epson also encapsulates them in plastic. Typically an oscillator can has 4 pins. Inside the can is all the components of the oscillator. One applies DC power on 2 of the pins, and the oscillating signal (the "CLK OUT") appears on another pin. (The remaining pin is unused).

An oscillator can also be made from scratch using crystal in a (2-pin) metal can, a couple of capacitors, an resitor and an inverter. In either case, the frequency is printed on the top of the crystal or oscillator.

Many microcontrollers have 2 pins (typically labeled "XTAL1" and "XTAL2", or "OSC1" and "OSC2", or something similar) that are designed to be directly connected to the 2 pins of a crystal. (Capacitors from those pins to VCC and GND are also part of the recommended circuit). An inverter inside the microcontroller acts as the amplifier, and the crystal and capacitors make up the rest of the oscillator.

In systems with multiple CPUs, it is often simpler, cheaper, and more reliable (avoiding metastability problems) to use a single crystal (rather than a dedicated crystal for each CPU). CPUs (and many other components) often have a single "CLK" pin designed to be connected to the wire used to send that "clock signal" (a fixed frequency) everywhere.

Unfortunately, many people confuse the "clock signal" generated by an oscillator (a simple metronome beat, tone, at constant frequency) with far more complicated "clock system"s that keep track of seconds, minutes, hours, and sometimes days, weeks, months, and years.

for further reading

1000 massmind: clocks]